Cognition is another word for thinking or understanding. It includes skills like speed of thinking, attention, reasoning, and problem solving. Some kids might need simplified information, and they may take longer to understand, think and respond.
Children with disabilities or developmental disorders may face challenges with some types of cognitive skills. These will vary depending on the child. Children with intellectual disability will experience some challenges with how quickly they can think and their ability to understand.
Children with other developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may have strengths in some areas of their thinking skills (such as understanding visual information) and challenges in other areas (like taking additional time to process information or having difficulty concentrating for longer periods). Each child is unique and will need a tailored approach to learning.